Operating Model: Structuring How Organizations Work to Deliver Scalable Value

An operating model defines the essential structure and mechanisms by which an organization consistently delivers value, translating strategy into actionable workflows, roles, and decision rights. It represents the fundamental “way we work” across the organization, the enduring backbone that shapes how teams, technology, governance, and processes interact to achieve outcomes at scale. Unlike specific frameworks, methodologies, or practices, the operating model transcends any particular approach to define how the organization functions as a whole.

Operating Model Hierarchy

• Operating Model
  • Adaptive Operating Model - Designed for environments with uncertainty, complexity, and continuous change
    • Product Operating Model - Specialization for organizations delivering value through products
    • Agile Product Operating Model - Integrating agile methodologies with product management
    • AI Product Operating Model - For AI-powered product delivery
  • Predictive Operating Model - Built on hierarchical structures, standardized processes, and efficiency optimization

Understanding Operating Models

At its core, an operating model clarifies how work flows from idea to customer, how responsibilities are distributed, and how coordination happens across the organization. This systemic clarity enables teams to deliver predictably and adapt to change without constant reorganization or ad hoc fixes. A robust operating model supports sustainable delivery by making dependencies, handoffs, and value streams explicit, reducing friction and enabling effective execution.

It is not a set of tools or a collection of best practices, but the connective tissue that ensures alignment between strategic intent and execution, regardless of the specific delivery approach or technology stack. By establishing clear interfaces and accountabilities, the operating model empowers teams to work within defined boundaries, accelerates decision-making, and provides the foundation for scaling and resilience across the organization.

Specialized Operating Models

Organizations often need to specialize their operating models based on how they deliver value and their chosen delivery philosophy:

• Product Operating Model : For organizations whose primary value delivery is through products, defining how teams structure work, decisions, and learning to maximize product outcomes. Can be implemented with various delivery approaches.

• Agile Product Operating Model : A product operating model that specifically adopts agile methodologies, emphasizing iterative delivery, customer feedback, and continuous value creation.

• AI Product Operating Model : Designed for organizations delivering value through AI-powered products, addressing unique concerns such as data governance, model lifecycle management, ethical considerations, and experimentation. Can be implemented with or without agile approaches.

The Value of a Well-Designed Operating Model

When thoughtfully designed, an operating model enables organizations to integrate new capabilities, technologies, and ways of working without disrupting the core value delivery system. It ensures that adaptability and operational excellence are not at odds but mutually reinforcing. The operating model provides stability during change, clarity during complexity, and a foundation for sustainable growth and effectiveness across the entire organization. It is the answer to “how we work” that persists even as specific practices, tools, and technologies evolve.